Crime and Urbanization: the Experiences of Adama City, Oromia, Ethiopia

This research aims to describe the relation between urbanization and crime, based on the experience of Adama city. The study drew on crime statistical data from Adama Police Office spanning the period from 2018 to 2022, as well as qualitative data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Nine in-depth interviews and two FGDs were conducted. Thematic analysis was employed in the qualitative data analysis process. The study revealed that criminal activities are widespread in the city,

Abstract

This research aims to describe the relation between urbanization and crime, based on the experience of Adama city. The study drew on crime statistical data from Adama Police Office spanning the period from 2018 to 2022, as well as qualitative data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Nine in-depth interviews and two FGDs were conducted. Thematic analysis was employed in the qualitative data analysis process. The study revealed that criminal activities are widespread in the city, 
comprising crimes against persons, property, the state, and morality. Crimes against persons included homicides, assaults, mutilations, and sexual offenses. However, there has been a reduction in complaints and suspects implicated in these crimes due to factors such as modern education, civility, and individualism. Property crimes, such as illegal mining, unarmed robbery, and illegal trafficking, were the most prevalent. Economic crime increased due to socioeconomic disparities, demographic pressures, 
youth unemployment, and urbanization. The state was also a victim of various criminal acts, such as incitement of violence, perjury, and illegal strikes. Other forms of social crime, including aberrant behavior, drug abuse, and other social crimes that violate established norms and values, are considered against society's moral fabric. According to the study, urbanization fosters primarily property crimes due to a discrepancy between personal goals and legal means of achieving them. Proactive measures are essential in preventing and combating these crimes, addressing socioeconomic factors, law enforcement, economic opportunities, and community engagement. A comprehensive strategy focusing on immediate consequences and root causes of criminal behavior is crucial for a safer society.